1 |
#
|
2 |
# Interesting interpretation of constants.
|
3 |
#
|
4 |
# "Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading ‘0x’
|
5 |
# or ‘0X’ denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form [base#]n, where
|
6 |
# the optional base is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the
|
7 |
# arithmetic base, and n is a number in that base. If base# is omitted, then
|
8 |
# base 10 is used. When specifying n, the digits greater than 9 are represented
|
9 |
# by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, ‘@’, and ‘_’, in that order.
|
10 |
# If base is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may be
|
11 |
# used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. "
|
12 |
#
|
13 |
# NOTE $(( 8#9 )) can fail, and this can be done at parse time...
|
14 |
|
15 |
|
16 |
a=(4 5 6)
|
17 |
echo "${a[b=2]} b=$b"
|
18 |
## stdout: 6 b=2
|
19 |
## OK zsh stdout: 5 b=2
|
20 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
21 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
22 |
|
23 |
|
24 |
i=1
|
25 |
echo $(($i+1))
|
26 |
## stdout: 2
|
27 |
|
28 |
|
29 |
i=1
|
30 |
echo $((i+1))
|
31 |
## stdout: 2
|
32 |
|
33 |
|
34 |
j=0
|
35 |
echo $(($j + 42))
|
36 |
## stdout: 42
|
37 |
|
38 |
|
39 |
echo $((${j:-5} + 1))
|
40 |
## stdout: 6
|
41 |
|
42 |
|
43 |
foo=1; echo $((foo+1))bar$(($foo+1))
|
44 |
## stdout: 2bar2
|
45 |
|
46 |
|
47 |
# Making 13 from two different kinds of sub. Geez.
|
48 |
echo $((1 + $(echo 1)${undefined:-3}))
|
49 |
## stdout: 14
|
50 |
|
51 |
|
52 |
# NOTE: Compare with [[. That is a COMMAND level expression, while this is a
|
53 |
# WORD level expression.
|
54 |
echo $(('1' + 2))
|
55 |
## status: 0
|
56 |
## N-I bash/zsh status: 1
|
57 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
58 |
|
59 |
|
60 |
# This is unnecessary but works in all shells.
|
61 |
echo $((1 + $((2 + 3)) + 4))
|
62 |
## stdout: 10
|
63 |
|
64 |
|
65 |
# This is unnecessary but works in all shells.
|
66 |
echo $((`echo 1` + 2))
|
67 |
## stdout: 3
|
68 |
|
69 |
|
70 |
# bash, mksh, and zsh all treat strings that don't look like numbers as zero.
|
71 |
shopt -u strict_arith || true
|
72 |
s=foo
|
73 |
echo $((s+5))
|
74 |
## OK dash stdout-json: ""
|
75 |
## OK dash status: 2
|
76 |
## OK bash/mksh/zsh/osh stdout: 5
|
77 |
## OK bash/mksh/zsh/osh status: 0
|
78 |
|
79 |
|
80 |
shopt -s strict_arith || true
|
81 |
s=foo
|
82 |
echo $s
|
83 |
echo $((s+5))
|
84 |
echo 'should not get here'
|
85 |
## status: 1
|
86 |
## STDOUT:
|
87 |
foo
|
88 |
## END
|
89 |
## OK dash status: 2
|
90 |
## N-I bash/mksh/zsh STDOUT:
|
91 |
foo
|
92 |
5
|
93 |
should not get here
|
94 |
## END
|
95 |
## N-I bash/mksh/zsh status: 0
|
96 |
|
97 |
|
98 |
echo $((1
|
99 |
+ 2))
|
100 |
## stdout: 3
|
101 |
|
102 |
|
103 |
a=1
|
104 |
b=2
|
105 |
echo $((a>b?5:10))
|
106 |
## stdout: 10
|
107 |
|
108 |
|
109 |
a=4
|
110 |
echo $((++a))
|
111 |
echo $a
|
112 |
## stdout-json: "5\n5\n"
|
113 |
## N-I dash status: 0
|
114 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: "4\n4\n"
|
115 |
|
116 |
|
117 |
a=4
|
118 |
echo $((a++))
|
119 |
echo $a
|
120 |
## stdout-json: "4\n5\n"
|
121 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
122 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
123 |
|
124 |
|
125 |
shopt -u strict_arith || true
|
126 |
(( undef1++ ))
|
127 |
(( ++undef2 ))
|
128 |
echo "[$undef1][$undef2]"
|
129 |
## stdout: [1][1]
|
130 |
## N-I dash stdout: [][]
|
131 |
|
132 |
|
133 |
shopt -u strict_arith || true
|
134 |
a=(5 6 7 8)
|
135 |
(( a[0]++, ++a[1], a[2]--, --a[3] ))
|
136 |
(( undef[0]++, ++undef[1], undef[2]--, --undef[3] ))
|
137 |
echo "${a[@]}" - "${undef[@]}"
|
138 |
## stdout: 6 7 6 7 - 1 1 -1 -1
|
139 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
140 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
141 |
## BUG zsh stdout: 5 6 7 8 -
|
142 |
|
143 |
|
144 |
set -o nounset
|
145 |
(( undef1++ ))
|
146 |
(( ++undef2 ))
|
147 |
echo "[$undef1][$undef2]"
|
148 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
149 |
## status: 1
|
150 |
## OK dash status: 2
|
151 |
## BUG mksh/zsh status: 0
|
152 |
## BUG mksh/zsh stdout-json: "[1][1]\n"
|
153 |
|
154 |
|
155 |
a=1
|
156 |
b=2
|
157 |
echo $((a,(b+1)))
|
158 |
## stdout: 3
|
159 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
160 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
161 |
|
162 |
|
163 |
a=4
|
164 |
echo $((a+=1))
|
165 |
echo $a
|
166 |
## stdout-json: "5\n5\n"
|
167 |
|
168 |
|
169 |
echo $(( 1 == 1 ))
|
170 |
echo $(( 1 != 1 ))
|
171 |
echo $(( 1 < 1 ))
|
172 |
echo $(( 1 <= 1 ))
|
173 |
echo $(( 1 > 1 ))
|
174 |
echo $(( 1 >= 1 ))
|
175 |
## stdout-json: "1\n0\n0\n1\n0\n1\n"
|
176 |
|
177 |
|
178 |
echo $((1 || 2))
|
179 |
echo $((1 && 2))
|
180 |
echo $((!(1 || 2)))
|
181 |
## stdout-json: "1\n1\n0\n"
|
182 |
|
183 |
|
184 |
x=11
|
185 |
(( 1 || (x = 22) ))
|
186 |
echo $x
|
187 |
(( 0 || (x = 33) ))
|
188 |
echo $x
|
189 |
(( 0 && (x = 44) ))
|
190 |
echo $x
|
191 |
(( 1 && (x = 55) ))
|
192 |
echo $x
|
193 |
## stdout-json: "11\n33\n33\n55\n"
|
194 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: "11\n11\n11\n11\n"
|
195 |
|
196 |
|
197 |
echo $((1|2))
|
198 |
echo $((1&2))
|
199 |
echo $((1^2))
|
200 |
echo $((~(1|2)))
|
201 |
## stdout-json: "3\n0\n3\n-4\n"
|
202 |
|
203 |
|
204 |
a=1
|
205 |
b=3
|
206 |
echo $((- a + + b))
|
207 |
## stdout-json: "2\n"
|
208 |
|
209 |
|
210 |
echo $((1 + 2.3))
|
211 |
## status: 2
|
212 |
## OK bash/mksh status: 1
|
213 |
## BUG zsh status: 0
|
214 |
|
215 |
|
216 |
# zsh does 1-based indexing!
|
217 |
array=(1 2 3 4)
|
218 |
echo $((array[1] + array[2]*3))
|
219 |
## stdout: 11
|
220 |
## OK zsh stdout: 7
|
221 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
222 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
223 |
|
224 |
|
225 |
echo $((36#a))-$((36#z))
|
226 |
## stdout: 10-35
|
227 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
228 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
229 |
|
230 |
|
231 |
# This is a truly bizarre syntax. Oh it comes from zsh... which allows 36.
|
232 |
echo $((64#a))-$((64#z)), $((64#A))-$((64#Z)), $((64#@)), $(( 64#_ ))
|
233 |
## stdout: 10-35, 36-61, 62, 63
|
234 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
235 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
236 |
## N-I mksh/zsh stdout-json: ""
|
237 |
## N-I mksh/zsh status: 1
|
238 |
|
239 |
|
240 |
echo $((10#0123)), $((16#1b))
|
241 |
## stdout: 123, 27
|
242 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
243 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
244 |
|
245 |
|
246 |
base=16
|
247 |
echo $(( ${base}#a ))
|
248 |
## stdout: 10
|
249 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
250 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
251 |
|
252 |
|
253 |
echo $(( 011 ))
|
254 |
## stdout: 9
|
255 |
## N-I mksh/zsh stdout: 11
|
256 |
|
257 |
|
258 |
zero=0
|
259 |
echo $(( ${zero}11 ))
|
260 |
## stdout: 9
|
261 |
## N-I mksh/zsh stdout: 11
|
262 |
|
263 |
|
264 |
zero=0
|
265 |
echo $(( ${zero}xAB ))
|
266 |
## stdout: 171
|
267 |
|
268 |
|
269 |
foo=5
|
270 |
x=oo
|
271 |
echo $(( foo + f$x + 1 ))
|
272 |
## stdout: 11
|
273 |
|
274 |
|
275 |
foo=5
|
276 |
bar=foo
|
277 |
spam=bar
|
278 |
eggs=spam
|
279 |
echo $((foo+1)) $((bar+1)) $((spam+1)) $((eggs+1))
|
280 |
## stdout: 6 6 6 6
|
281 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
282 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
283 |
|
284 |
|
285 |
set -o nounset
|
286 |
x=$(( y + 5 ))
|
287 |
echo "should not get here: x=${x:-<unset>}"
|
288 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
289 |
## status: 1
|
290 |
## BUG dash/mksh/zsh stdout: should not get here: x=5
|
291 |
## BUG dash/mksh/zsh status: 0
|
292 |
|
293 |
|
294 |
set -o nounset
|
295 |
echo $(( 999999 * 999999 * 999999 * 999999 ))
|
296 |
## stdout: 999996000005999996000001
|
297 |
## BUG dash/bash/zsh stdout: -1996229794797103359
|
298 |
## BUG mksh stdout: -15640831
|
299 |
|
300 |
|
301 |
a=9
|
302 |
(( (a + 2) = 3 ))
|
303 |
echo $a
|
304 |
## status: 2
|
305 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
306 |
## OK bash/mksh/zsh stdout: 9
|
307 |
## OK bash/mksh/zsh status: 0
|
308 |
# dash doesn't implement assignment
|
309 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
310 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
311 |
|
312 |
|
313 |
(( 1[2] = 3 ))
|
314 |
echo "status=$?"
|
315 |
## status: 1
|
316 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
317 |
|
318 |
## OK bash stdout: status=1
|
319 |
## OK bash status: 0
|
320 |
|
321 |
## OK mksh/zsh stdout: status=2
|
322 |
## OK mksh/zsh status: 0
|
323 |
|
324 |
## N-I dash stdout: status=127
|
325 |
## N-I dash status: 0
|
326 |
|
327 |
|
328 |
(( a[1][2] = 3 ))
|
329 |
echo "status=$?"
|
330 |
# shells treat this as a NON-fatal error
|
331 |
## status: 2
|
332 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
333 |
## OK bash stdout: status=1
|
334 |
## OK mksh/zsh stdout: status=2
|
335 |
## OK bash/mksh/zsh status: 0
|
336 |
# dash doesn't implement assignment
|
337 |
## N-I dash stdout: status=127
|
338 |
## N-I dash status: 0
|
339 |
|
340 |
|
341 |
echo $(( 1 + 2*3 - 8/2 ))
|
342 |
## stdout: 3
|
343 |
|
344 |
|
345 |
echo $(( 3 ** 0 ))
|
346 |
echo $(( 3 ** 1 ))
|
347 |
echo $(( 3 ** 2 ))
|
348 |
## STDOUT:
|
349 |
1
|
350 |
3
|
351 |
9
|
352 |
## END
|
353 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
354 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
355 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: ""
|
356 |
## N-I mksh status: 1
|
357 |
|
358 |
|
359 |
# NOTE: All shells agree on this, but R and Python give -9, which is more
|
360 |
# mathematically correct.
|
361 |
echo $(( -3 ** 2 ))
|
362 |
## stdout: 9
|
363 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
364 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
365 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: ""
|
366 |
## N-I mksh status: 1
|
367 |
|
368 |
|
369 |
# bash explicitly disallows negative exponents!
|
370 |
echo $(( 2**-1 * 5 ))
|
371 |
## stdout-json: ""
|
372 |
## status: 1
|
373 |
## OK zsh stdout: 2.5
|
374 |
## OK zsh status: 0
|
375 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
376 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
377 |
|
378 |
|
379 |
echo $((
|
380 |
1 +
|
381 |
2 + \
|
382 |
3
|
383 |
))
|
384 |
echo $((
|
385 |
1 + 2 # not a comment
|
386 |
))
|
387 |
(( a = 3 + 4 # comment
|
388 |
))
|
389 |
echo [$a]
|
390 |
## status: 1
|
391 |
## STDOUT:
|
392 |
6
|
393 |
## END
|
394 |
## OK dash/osh status: 2
|
395 |
## OK bash STDOUT:
|
396 |
6
|
397 |
[]
|
398 |
## END
|
399 |
## OK bash status: 0
|
400 |
|
401 |
|
402 |
declare -a array=(1 2 3)
|
403 |
echo $((array + 5))
|
404 |
## status: 0
|
405 |
## STDOUT:
|
406 |
6
|
407 |
## END
|
408 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
409 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
410 |
## N-I mksh/zsh status: 1
|
411 |
## N-I mksh/zsh stdout-json: ""
|
412 |
|
413 |
|
414 |
typeset -A assoc
|
415 |
assoc[0]=42
|
416 |
echo $((assoc + 5))
|
417 |
## status: 0
|
418 |
## stdout: 47
|
419 |
## BUG dash status: 0
|
420 |
## BUG dash stdout: 5
|
421 |
|
422 |
|
423 |
a=(1 2 3)
|
424 |
echo $(( a[1] ))
|
425 |
echo $(( a[1][1] ))
|
426 |
## status: 1
|
427 |
## OK osh status: 2
|
428 |
## STDOUT:
|
429 |
2
|
430 |
## END
|
431 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
432 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
433 |
## OK zsh STDOUT:
|
434 |
1
|
435 |
## END
|
436 |
|
437 |
|
438 |
a=(4 5 6)
|
439 |
echo declared
|
440 |
b=$(( a ))
|
441 |
echo $b
|
442 |
|
443 |
## status: 0
|
444 |
## STDOUT:
|
445 |
declared
|
446 |
4
|
447 |
## END
|
448 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
449 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
450 |
## N-I zsh status: 1
|
451 |
## N-I zsh STDOUT:
|
452 |
declared
|
453 |
## END
|
454 |
|
455 |
|
456 |
declare -A A=(['foo']=bar ['spam']=eggs)
|
457 |
echo declared
|
458 |
b=$(( A ))
|
459 |
echo $b
|
460 |
|
461 |
## status: 0
|
462 |
## STDOUT:
|
463 |
declared
|
464 |
0
|
465 |
## END
|
466 |
|
467 |
## N-I mksh status: 1
|
468 |
## N-I mksh stdout-json: ""
|
469 |
|
470 |
|
471 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
472 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
473 |
|
474 |
|
475 |
a=(4 5 6)
|
476 |
|
477 |
# zsh and osh can't evaluate the array like that
|
478 |
# which is consistent with their behavior on $(( a ))
|
479 |
|
480 |
echo $(( a, last = a[2], 42 ))
|
481 |
echo last=$last
|
482 |
|
483 |
## status: 0
|
484 |
## STDOUT:
|
485 |
42
|
486 |
last=6
|
487 |
## END
|
488 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
489 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
490 |
## N-I zsh status: 1
|
491 |
## N-I zsh stdout-json: ""
|
492 |
|
493 |
|
494 |
|
495 |
foo=bar
|
496 |
echo $(( x$foo = 42 ))
|
497 |
echo xbar=$xbar
|
498 |
## STDOUT:
|
499 |
42
|
500 |
xbar=42
|
501 |
## END
|
502 |
|
503 |
|
504 |
foo=bar
|
505 |
echo $(( x$foo[5] = 42 ))
|
506 |
echo 'xbar[5]='${xbar[5]}
|
507 |
## STDOUT:
|
508 |
42
|
509 |
xbar[5]=42
|
510 |
## END
|
511 |
## BUG zsh STDOUT:
|
512 |
42
|
513 |
xbar[5]=
|
514 |
## END
|
515 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
516 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
517 |
|
518 |
|
519 |
foo=bar
|
520 |
xbar=42
|
521 |
echo $(( x$foo++ ))
|
522 |
echo xbar=$xbar
|
523 |
## STDOUT:
|
524 |
42
|
525 |
xbar=43
|
526 |
## END
|
527 |
## BUG dash status: 2
|
528 |
## BUG dash stdout-json: ""
|
529 |
|
530 |
|
531 |
foo=bar
|
532 |
xbar[5]=42
|
533 |
echo $(( x$foo[5]++ ))
|
534 |
echo 'xbar[5]='${xbar[5]}
|
535 |
## STDOUT:
|
536 |
42
|
537 |
xbar[5]=43
|
538 |
## END
|
539 |
## BUG zsh STDOUT:
|
540 |
0
|
541 |
xbar[5]=42
|
542 |
## END
|
543 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
544 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
545 |
|
546 |
|
547 |
e=1+2
|
548 |
echo $(( e + 3 ))
|
549 |
[[ e -eq 3 ]] && echo true
|
550 |
[ e -eq 3 ]
|
551 |
echo status=$?
|
552 |
## STDOUT:
|
553 |
6
|
554 |
true
|
555 |
status=2
|
556 |
## END
|
557 |
## BUG mksh STDOUT:
|
558 |
6
|
559 |
true
|
560 |
status=0
|
561 |
## END
|
562 |
## N-I dash status: 2
|
563 |
## N-I dash stdout-json: ""
|
564 |
|
565 |
|
566 |
a=''
|
567 |
echo $(( a ))
|
568 |
|
569 |
a2=' '
|
570 |
echo $(( a2 ))
|
571 |
## STDOUT:
|
572 |
0
|
573 |
0
|
574 |
## END
|
575 |
|
576 |
|
577 |
echo $((1?2?3:4:5))
|
578 |
## STDOUT:
|
579 |
3
|
580 |
## END
|
581 |
|
582 |
|
583 |
echo $((1 ? a=1 : 42 ))
|
584 |
echo a=$a
|
585 |
|
586 |
# this does NOT work
|
587 |
#echo $((1 ? a=1 : b=2 ))
|
588 |
|
589 |
## STDOUT:
|
590 |
1
|
591 |
a=1
|
592 |
## END
|
593 |
## BUG zsh stdout-json: ""
|
594 |
## BUG zsh status: 1
|
595 |
|
596 |
|
597 |
|
598 |
echo $((a + x42))
|
599 |
echo status=$?
|
600 |
|
601 |
# weird asymmetry -- the above is a syntax error, but this isn't
|
602 |
$SH -c 'echo $((a + 42x))'
|
603 |
echo status=$?
|
604 |
|
605 |
# regression
|
606 |
echo $((a + 42x))
|
607 |
echo status=$?
|
608 |
## status: 1
|
609 |
## STDOUT:
|
610 |
0
|
611 |
status=0
|
612 |
status=1
|
613 |
## END
|
614 |
## OK dash status: 2
|
615 |
## OK dash STDOUT:
|
616 |
0
|
617 |
status=0
|
618 |
status=2
|
619 |
## END
|
620 |
## BUG bash status: 0
|
621 |
## BUG bash STDOUT:
|
622 |
0
|
623 |
status=0
|
624 |
status=1
|
625 |
status=1
|
626 |
## END
|